[PATCH v4 1/8] dts: add params manipulation module

[Luca Vizzarro <luca.vizzarro@arm.com>]

This commit introduces a new "params" module, which adds a new way
to manage command line parameters. The provided Params dataclass
is able to read the fields of its child class and produce a string
representation to supply to the command line. Any data structure
that is intended to represent command line parameters can inherit it.

The main purpose is to make it easier to represent data structures that
map to parameters. Aiding quicker development, while minimising code
bloat.

Signed-off-by: Luca Vizzarro <luca.vizzarro@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Szczepanek <paul.szczepanek@arm.com>
---
 dts/framework/params/__init__.py | 358 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 358 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 dts/framework/params/__init__.py

diff --git a/dts/framework/params/__init__.py b/dts/framework/params/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1203b8ce98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dts/framework/params/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright(c) 2024 Arm Limited
+
+"""Parameter manipulation module.
+
+This module provides :class:`Params` which can be used to model any data structure
+that is meant to represent any command line parameters.
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, fields
+from enum import Flag
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Literal,
+    Reversible,
+    TypedDict,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from typing_extensions import Self
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+#: Type for a function taking one argument.
+FnPtr = Callable[[Any], Any]
+#: Type for a switch parameter.
+Switch = Literal[True, None]
+#: Type for a yes/no switch parameter.
+YesNoSwitch = Literal[True, False, None]
+
+
+def _reduce_functions(funcs: Iterable[FnPtr]) -> FnPtr:
+    """Reduces an iterable of :attr:`FnPtr` from left to right to a single function.
+
+    If the iterable is empty, the created function just returns its fed value back.
+
+    Args:
+        funcs: An iterable containing the functions to be chained from left to right.
+
+    Returns:
+        FnPtr: A function that calls the given functions from left to right.
+    """
+
+    def reduced_fn(value):
+        for fn in funcs:
+            value = fn(value)
+        return value
+
+    return reduced_fn
+
+
+def modify_str(*funcs: FnPtr) -> Callable[[T], T]:
+    """Class decorator modifying the ``__str__`` method with a function created from its arguments.
+
+    The :attr:`FnPtr`s fed to the decorator are executed from left to right in the arguments list
+    order.
+
+    Args:
+        *funcs: The functions to chain from left to right.
+
+    Returns:
+        The decorator.
+
+    Example:
+        .. code:: python
+
+            @convert_str(hex_from_flag_value)
+            class BitMask(enum.Flag):
+                A = auto()
+                B = auto()
+
+        will allow ``BitMask`` to render as a hexadecimal value.
+    """
+
+    def _class_decorator(original_class):
+        original_class.__str__ = _reduce_functions(funcs)
+        return original_class
+
+    return _class_decorator
+
+
+def comma_separated(values: Iterable[Any]) -> str:
+    """Converts an iterable into a comma-separated string.
+
+    Args:
+        values: An iterable of objects.
+
+    Returns:
+        A comma-separated list of stringified values.
+    """
+    return ",".join([str(value).strip() for value in values if value is not None])
+
+
+def bracketed(value: str) -> str:
+    """Adds round brackets to the input.
+
+    Args:
+        value: Any string.
+
+    Returns:
+        A string surrounded by round brackets.
+    """
+    return f"({value})"
+
+
+def str_from_flag_value(flag: Flag) -> str:
+    """Returns the value from a :class:`enum.Flag` as a string.
+
+    Args:
+        flag: An instance of :class:`Flag`.
+
+    Returns:
+        The stringified value of the given flag.
+    """
+    return str(flag.value)
+
+
+def hex_from_flag_value(flag: Flag) -> str:
+    """Returns the value from a :class:`enum.Flag` converted to hexadecimal.
+
+    Args:
+        flag: An instance of :class:`Flag`.
+
+    Returns:
+        The value of the given flag in hexadecimal representation.
+    """
+    return hex(flag.value)
+
+
+class ParamsModifier(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """Params modifiers dict compatible with the :func:`dataclasses.field` metadata parameter."""
+
+    #:
+    Params_short: str
+    #:
+    Params_long: str
+    #:
+    Params_multiple: bool
+    #:
+    Params_convert_value: Reversible[FnPtr]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Params:
+    """Dataclass that renders its fields into command line arguments.
+
+    The parameter name is taken from the field name by default. The following:
+
+    .. code:: python
+
+        name: str | None = "value"
+
+    is rendered as ``--name=value``.
+    Through :func:`dataclasses.field` the resulting parameter can be manipulated by applying
+    this class' metadata modifier functions. These return regular dictionaries which can be combined
+    together using the pipe (OR) operator.
+
+    To use fields as switches, set the value to ``True`` to render them. If you
+    use a yes/no switch you can also set ``False`` which would render a switch
+    prefixed with ``--no-``. Examples:
+
+    .. code:: python
+
+        interactive: Switch = True  # renders --interactive
+        numa: YesNoSwitch   = False # renders --no-numa
+
+    Setting ``None`` will prevent it from being rendered. The :attr:`~Switch` type alias is provided
+    for regular switches, whereas :attr:`~YesNoSwitch` is offered for yes/no ones.
+
+    An instance of a dataclass inheriting ``Params`` can also be assigned to an attribute,
+    this helps with grouping parameters together.
+    The attribute holding the dataclass will be ignored and the latter will just be rendered as
+    expected.
+    """
+
+    _suffix = ""
+    """Holder of the plain text value of Params when called directly. A suffix for child classes."""
+
+    """========= BEGIN FIELD METADATA MODIFIER FUNCTIONS ========"""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def short(name: str) -> ParamsModifier:
+        """Overrides any parameter name with the given short option.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The short parameter name.
+
+        Returns:
+            ParamsModifier: A dictionary for the `dataclasses.field` metadata argument containing
+                the parameter short name modifier.
+
+        Example:
+            .. code:: python
+
+                logical_cores: str | None = field(default="1-4", metadata=Params.short("l"))
+
+            will render as ``-l=1-4`` instead of ``--logical-cores=1-4``.
+        """
+        return ParamsModifier(Params_short=name)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def long(name: str) -> ParamsModifier:
+        """Overrides the inferred parameter name to the specified one.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The long parameter name.
+
+        Returns:
+            ParamsModifier: A dictionary for the `dataclasses.field` metadata argument containing
+                the parameter long name modifier.
+
+        Example:
+            .. code:: python
+
+                x_name: str | None = field(default="y", metadata=Params.long("x"))
+
+            will render as ``--x=y``, but the field is accessed and modified through ``x_name``.
+        """
+        return ParamsModifier(Params_long=name)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def multiple() -> ParamsModifier:
+        """Specifies that this parameter is set multiple times. The parameter type must be a list.
+
+        Returns:
+            ParamsModifier: A dictionary for the `dataclasses.field` metadata argument containing
+                the multiple parameters modifier.
+
+        Example:
+            .. code:: python
+
+                ports: list[int] | None = field(
+                    default_factory=lambda: [0, 1, 2],
+                    metadata=Params.multiple() | Params.long("port")
+                )
+
+            will render as ``--port=0 --port=1 --port=2``.
+        """
+        return ParamsModifier(Params_multiple=True)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convert_value(*funcs: FnPtr) -> ParamsModifier:
+        """Takes in a variable number of functions to convert the value text representation.
+
+        Functions can be chained together, executed from left to right in the arguments list order.
+
+        Args:
+            *funcs: The functions to chain from left to right.
+
+        Returns:
+            ParamsModifier: A dictionary for the `dataclasses.field` metadata argument containing
+                the convert value modifier.
+
+        Example:
+            .. code:: python
+
+                hex_bitmask: int | None = field(
+                    default=0b1101,
+                    metadata=Params.convert_value(hex) | Params.long("mask")
+                )
+
+            will render as ``--mask=0xd``.
+        """
+        return ParamsModifier(Params_convert_value=funcs)
+
+    """========= END FIELD METADATA MODIFIER FUNCTIONS ========"""
+
+    def append_str(self, text: str) -> None:
+        """Appends a string at the end of the string representation.
+
+        Args:
+            text: Any text to append at the end of the parameters string representation.
+        """
+        self._suffix += text
+
+    def __iadd__(self, text: str) -> Self:
+        """Appends a string at the end of the string representation.
+
+        Args:
+            text: Any text to append at the end of the parameters string representation.
+
+        Returns:
+            The given instance back.
+        """
+        self.append_str(text)
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_str(cls, text: str) -> Self:
+        """Creates a plain Params object from a string.
+
+        Args:
+            text: The string parameters.
+
+        Returns:
+            A new plain instance of :class:`Params`.
+        """
+        obj = cls()
+        obj.append_str(text)
+        return obj
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_switch(
+        name: str, is_short: bool = False, is_no: bool = False, value: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Make the string representation of the parameter.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name of the parameters.
+            is_short: If the paremeters is short or not.
+            is_no: If the parameter is negated or not.
+            value: The value of the parameter.
+
+        Returns:
+            The complete command line parameter.
+        """
+        prefix = f"{'-' if is_short else '--'}{'no-' if is_no else ''}"
+        name = name.replace("_", "-")
+        value = f"{' ' if is_short else '='}{value}" if value else ""
+        return f"{prefix}{name}{value}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Returns a string of command-line-ready arguments from the class fields."""
+        arguments: list[str] = []
+
+        for field in fields(self):
+            value = getattr(self, field.name)
+            modifiers = cast(ParamsModifier, field.metadata)
+
+            if value is None:
+                continue
+
+            if isinstance(value, Params):
+                arguments.append(str(value))
+                continue
+
+            # take the short modifier, or the long modifier, or infer from field name
+            switch_name = modifiers.get("Params_short", modifiers.get("Params_long", field.name))
+            is_short = "Params_short" in modifiers
+
+            if isinstance(value, bool):
+                arguments.append(self._make_switch(switch_name, is_short, is_no=(not value)))
+                continue
+
+            convert = _reduce_functions(modifiers.get("Params_convert_value", []))
+            multiple = modifiers.get("Params_multiple", False)
+
+            values = value if multiple else [value]
+            for value in values:
+                arguments.append(self._make_switch(switch_name, is_short, value=convert(value)))
+
+        if self._suffix:
+            arguments.append(self._suffix)
+
+        return " ".join(arguments)
-- 
2.34.1