DPDK patches and discussions
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Li Zhang <lizh@nvidia.com>
To: <orika@nvidia.com>, <viacheslavo@nvidia.com>, <matan@nvidia.com>,
	<shahafs@nvidia.com>,
	Bruce Richardson <bruce.richardson@intel.com>,
	"Dmitry Kozlyuk" <dmitry.kozliuk@gmail.com>,
	Narcisa Ana Maria Vasile <navasile@linux.microsoft.com>,
	Dmitry Malloy <dmitrym@microsoft.com>,
	Pallavi Kadam <pallavi.kadam@intel.com>
Cc: <dev@dpdk.org>, <thomas@monjalon.net>, <rasland@nvidia.com>,
	<roniba@nvidia.com>, Yajun Wu <yajunw@nvidia.com>,
	<stable@dpdk.org>
Subject: [PATCH v1 02/17] eal: add device removal in rte cleanup
Date: Mon, 6 Jun 2022 14:46:35 +0300	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20220606114650.209612-3-lizh@nvidia.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20220606114650.209612-1-lizh@nvidia.com>

From: Yajun Wu <yajunw@nvidia.com>

Add device removal in function rte_eal_cleanup. This is the last chance
device remove get called for sanity. Loop vdev bus first and then all bus
for all device, calling rte_dev_remove.

Cc: stable@dpdk.org

Signed-off-by: Yajun Wu <yajunw@nvidia.com>
---
 lib/eal/freebsd/eal.c     | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/eal/include/rte_dev.h |  6 ++++++
 lib/eal/linux/eal.c       | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/eal/windows/eal.c     | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 105 insertions(+)

diff --git a/lib/eal/freebsd/eal.c b/lib/eal/freebsd/eal.c
index a6b20960f2..5ffd9146b6 100644
--- a/lib/eal/freebsd/eal.c
+++ b/lib/eal/freebsd/eal.c
@@ -886,11 +886,44 @@ rte_eal_init(int argc, char **argv)
 	return fctret;
 }
 
+static int
+bus_match_all(const struct rte_bus *bus, const void *data)
+{
+	RTE_SET_USED(bus);
+	RTE_SET_USED(data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+remove_all_device(void)
+{
+	struct rte_bus *start = NULL, *next;
+	struct rte_dev_iterator dev_iter = {0};
+	struct rte_device *dev = NULL;
+	struct rte_device *tdev = NULL;
+	char devstr[128];
+
+	RTE_DEV_FOREACH_SAFE(dev, "bus=vdev", &dev_iter, tdev) {
+		(void)rte_dev_remove(dev);
+	}
+	while ((next = rte_bus_find(start, bus_match_all, NULL)) != NULL) {
+		start = next;
+		/* Skip buses that don't have iterate method */
+		if (!next->dev_iterate || !next->name)
+			continue;
+		snprintf(devstr, sizeof(devstr), "bus=%s", next->name);
+		RTE_DEV_FOREACH_SAFE(dev, devstr, &dev_iter, tdev) {
+			(void)rte_dev_remove(dev);
+		}
+	};
+}
+
 int
 rte_eal_cleanup(void)
 {
 	struct internal_config *internal_conf =
 		eal_get_internal_configuration();
+	remove_all_device();
 	rte_service_finalize();
 	rte_mp_channel_cleanup();
 	/* after this point, any DPDK pointers will become dangling */
diff --git a/lib/eal/include/rte_dev.h b/lib/eal/include/rte_dev.h
index e6ff1218f9..382d548ea3 100644
--- a/lib/eal/include/rte_dev.h
+++ b/lib/eal/include/rte_dev.h
@@ -492,6 +492,12 @@ int
 rte_dev_dma_unmap(struct rte_device *dev, void *addr, uint64_t iova,
 		  size_t len);
 
+#define RTE_DEV_FOREACH_SAFE(dev, devstr, it, tdev) \
+	for (rte_dev_iterator_init(it, devstr), \
+		(dev) = rte_dev_iterator_next(it); \
+		(dev) && ((tdev) = rte_dev_iterator_next(it), 1); \
+		(dev) = (tdev))
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/lib/eal/linux/eal.c b/lib/eal/linux/eal.c
index 1ef263434a..30b295916e 100644
--- a/lib/eal/linux/eal.c
+++ b/lib/eal/linux/eal.c
@@ -1248,6 +1248,38 @@ mark_freeable(const struct rte_memseg_list *msl, const struct rte_memseg *ms,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+bus_match_all(const struct rte_bus *bus, const void *data)
+{
+	RTE_SET_USED(bus);
+	RTE_SET_USED(data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+remove_all_device(void)
+{
+	struct rte_bus *start = NULL, *next;
+	struct rte_dev_iterator dev_iter = {0};
+	struct rte_device *dev = NULL;
+	struct rte_device *tdev = NULL;
+	char devstr[128];
+
+	RTE_DEV_FOREACH_SAFE(dev, "bus=vdev", &dev_iter, tdev) {
+		(void)rte_dev_remove(dev);
+	}
+	while ((next = rte_bus_find(start, bus_match_all, NULL)) != NULL) {
+		start = next;
+		/* Skip buses that don't have iterate method */
+		if (!next->dev_iterate || !next->name)
+			continue;
+		snprintf(devstr, sizeof(devstr), "bus=%s", next->name);
+		RTE_DEV_FOREACH_SAFE(dev, devstr, &dev_iter, tdev) {
+			(void)rte_dev_remove(dev);
+		}
+	};
+}
+
 int
 rte_eal_cleanup(void)
 {
@@ -1257,6 +1289,7 @@ rte_eal_cleanup(void)
 	struct internal_config *internal_conf =
 		eal_get_internal_configuration();
 
+	remove_all_device();
 	if (rte_eal_process_type() == RTE_PROC_PRIMARY &&
 			internal_conf->hugepage_file.unlink_existing)
 		rte_memseg_walk(mark_freeable, NULL);
diff --git a/lib/eal/windows/eal.c b/lib/eal/windows/eal.c
index 122de2a319..3d7d411293 100644
--- a/lib/eal/windows/eal.c
+++ b/lib/eal/windows/eal.c
@@ -254,12 +254,45 @@ __rte_trace_point_register(rte_trace_point_t *trace, const char *name,
 	return -ENOTSUP;
 }
 
+static int
+bus_match_all(const struct rte_bus *bus, const void *data)
+{
+	RTE_SET_USED(bus);
+	RTE_SET_USED(data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+remove_all_device(void)
+{
+	struct rte_bus *start = NULL, *next;
+	struct rte_dev_iterator dev_iter = {0};
+	struct rte_device *dev = NULL;
+	struct rte_device *tdev = NULL;
+	char devstr[128];
+
+	RTE_DEV_FOREACH_SAFE(dev, "bus=vdev", &dev_iter, tdev) {
+		(void)rte_dev_remove(dev);
+	}
+	while ((next = rte_bus_find(start, bus_match_all, NULL)) != NULL) {
+		start = next;
+		/* Skip buses that don't have iterate method */
+		if (!next->dev_iterate || !next->name)
+			continue;
+		snprintf(devstr, sizeof(devstr), "bus=%s", next->name);
+		RTE_DEV_FOREACH_SAFE(dev, devstr, &dev_iter, tdev) {
+			(void)rte_dev_remove(dev);
+		}
+	};
+}
+
 int
 rte_eal_cleanup(void)
 {
 	struct internal_config *internal_conf =
 		eal_get_internal_configuration();
 
+	remove_all_device();
 	eal_intr_thread_cancel();
 	eal_mem_virt2iova_cleanup();
 	/* after this point, any DPDK pointers will become dangling */
-- 
2.31.1


  parent reply	other threads:[~2022-06-06 11:47 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 137+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2022-04-08  7:55 [RFC 00/15] Add vDPA multi-threads optiomization Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:55 ` [RFC 01/15] examples/vdpa: fix vDPA device remove Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:55 ` [RFC 02/15] vdpa/mlx5: support pre create virtq resource Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:55 ` [RFC 03/15] common/mlx5: add DevX API to move QP to reset state Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:55 ` [RFC 04/15] vdpa/mlx5: support event qp reuse Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:55 ` [RFC 05/15] common/mlx5: extend virtq modifiable fields Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:55 ` [RFC 06/15] vdpa/mlx5: pre-create virtq in the prob Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:55 ` [RFC 07/15] vdpa/mlx5: optimize datapath-control synchronization Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:55 ` [RFC 08/15] vdpa/mlx5: add multi-thread management for configuration Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:55 ` [RFC 09/15] vdpa/mlx5: add task ring for MT management Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:56 ` [RFC 10/15] vdpa/mlx5: add MT task for VM memory registration Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:56 ` [RFC 11/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq creation task for MT management Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:56 ` [RFC 12/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq LM log task Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:56 ` [RFC 13/15] vdpa/mlx5: add device close task Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:56 ` [RFC 14/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq sub-resources creation Li Zhang
2022-04-08  7:56 ` [RFC 15/15] vdpa/mlx5: prepare virtqueue resource creation Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20 ` [PATCH v1 00/17] Add vDPA multi-threads optiomization Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 01/17] vdpa/mlx5: fix usage of capability for max number of virtqs Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 02/17] eal: add device removal in rte cleanup Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 02/16] examples/vdpa: fix vDPA device remove Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 03/17] examples/vdpa: fix devices cleanup Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 03/16] vdpa/mlx5: support pre create virtq resource Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 04/16] common/mlx5: add DevX API to move QP to reset state Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 04/17] vdpa/mlx5: support pre create virtq resource Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 05/17] common/mlx5: add DevX API to move QP to reset state Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 05/16] vdpa/mlx5: support event qp reuse Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 06/16] common/mlx5: extend virtq modifiable fields Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 06/17] vdpa/mlx5: support event qp reuse Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 07/17] common/mlx5: extend virtq modifiable fields Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 07/16] vdpa/mlx5: pre-create virtq in the prob Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 08/16] vdpa/mlx5: optimize datapath-control synchronization Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 08/17] vdpa/mlx5: pre-create virtq in the prob Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 09/16] vdpa/mlx5: add multi-thread management for configuration Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 09/17] vdpa/mlx5: optimize datapath-control synchronization Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 10/17] vdpa/mlx5: add multi-thread management for configuration Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 10/16] vdpa/mlx5: add task ring for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH 11/16] vdpa/mlx5: add MT task for VM memory registration Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 11/17] vdpa/mlx5: add task ring for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:20   ` [PATCH v1 12/17] vdpa/mlx5: add MT task for VM memory registration Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH 12/16] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq creation task for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH 13/16] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq LM log task Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH v1 13/17] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq creation task for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH 14/16] vdpa/mlx5: add device close task Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH v1 14/17] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq LM log task Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH v1 15/17] vdpa/mlx5: add device close task Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH 15/16] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq sub-resources creation Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH v1 16/17] " Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH 16/16] vdpa/mlx5: prepare virtqueue resource creation Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:21   ` [PATCH v1 17/17] " Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46 ` [PATCH v1 00/17] Add vDPA multi-threads optiomization Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 01/17] vdpa/mlx5: fix usage of capability for max number of virtqs Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` Li Zhang [this message]
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 03/17] examples/vdpa: fix devices cleanup Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 04/17] vdpa/mlx5: support pre create virtq resource Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 05/17] common/mlx5: add DevX API to move QP to reset state Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 06/17] vdpa/mlx5: support event qp reuse Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 07/17] common/mlx5: extend virtq modifiable fields Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 08/17] vdpa/mlx5: pre-create virtq in the prob Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 09/17] vdpa/mlx5: optimize datapath-control synchronization Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 10/17] vdpa/mlx5: add multi-thread management for configuration Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 11/17] vdpa/mlx5: add task ring for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 12/17] vdpa/mlx5: add MT task for VM memory registration Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 13/17] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq creation task for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 14/17] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq LM log task Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 15/17] vdpa/mlx5: add device close task Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 16/17] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq sub-resources creation Li Zhang
2022-06-06 11:46   ` [PATCH v1 17/17] vdpa/mlx5: prepare virtqueue resource creation Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:29 ` [PATCH v2 00/15] mlx5/vdpa: optimize live migration time Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:29   ` [PATCH v2 01/15] vdpa/mlx5: fix usage of capability for max number of virtqs Li Zhang
2022-06-17 14:27     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-16  2:29   ` [PATCH v2 02/15] vdpa/mlx5: support pre create virtq resource Li Zhang
2022-06-17 15:36     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  8:04       ` Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 03/15] common/mlx5: add DevX API to move QP to reset state Li Zhang
2022-06-17 15:41     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 04/15] vdpa/mlx5: support event qp reuse Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 05/15] common/mlx5: extend virtq modifiable fields Li Zhang
2022-06-17 15:45     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 06/15] vdpa/mlx5: pre-create virtq in the prob Li Zhang
2022-06-17 15:53     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  7:54       ` Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 07/15] vdpa/mlx5: optimize datapath-control synchronization Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 08/15] vdpa/mlx5: add multi-thread management for configuration Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 09/15] vdpa/mlx5: add task ring for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 10/15] vdpa/mlx5: add MT task for VM memory registration Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 11/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq creation task for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 12/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq LM log task Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 13/15] vdpa/mlx5: add device close task Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 14/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq sub-resources creation Li Zhang
2022-06-16  2:30   ` [PATCH v2 15/15] vdpa/mlx5: prepare virtqueue resource creation Li Zhang
2022-06-16  7:24   ` [PATCH v2 00/15] mlx5/vdpa: optimize live migration time Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-16  9:02     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-17  1:49       ` Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47 ` [PATCH v3 " Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47   ` [PATCH v3 01/15] vdpa/mlx5: fix usage of capability for max number of virtqs Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47   ` [PATCH v3 02/15] vdpa/mlx5: support pre create virtq resource Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47   ` [PATCH v3 03/15] common/mlx5: add DevX API to move QP to reset state Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47   ` [PATCH v3 04/15] vdpa/mlx5: support event qp reuse Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47   ` [PATCH v3 05/15] common/mlx5: extend virtq modifiable fields Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47   ` [PATCH v3 06/15] vdpa/mlx5: pre-create virtq at probe time Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47   ` [PATCH v3 07/15] vdpa/mlx5: optimize datapath-control synchronization Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47   ` [PATCH v3 08/15] vdpa/mlx5: add multi-thread management for configuration Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:47   ` [PATCH v3 09/15] vdpa/mlx5: add task ring for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:48   ` [PATCH v3 10/15] vdpa/mlx5: add MT task for VM memory registration Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:48   ` [PATCH v3 11/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq creation task for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:48   ` [PATCH v3 12/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq LM log task Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:48   ` [PATCH v3 13/15] vdpa/mlx5: add device close task Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:48   ` [PATCH v3 14/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq sub-resources creation Li Zhang
2022-06-18  8:48   ` [PATCH v3 15/15] vdpa/mlx5: prepare virtqueue resource creation Li Zhang
2022-06-18  9:02 ` [PATCH v4 00/15] mlx5/vdpa: optimize live migration time Li Zhang
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 01/15] vdpa/mlx5: fix usage of capability for max number of virtqs Li Zhang
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 02/15] vdpa/mlx5: support pre create virtq resource Li Zhang
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 03/15] common/mlx5: add DevX API to move QP to reset state Li Zhang
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 04/15] vdpa/mlx5: support event qp reuse Li Zhang
2022-06-20  8:27     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 05/15] common/mlx5: extend virtq modifiable fields Li Zhang
2022-06-20  9:01     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 06/15] vdpa/mlx5: pre-create virtq at probe time Li Zhang
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 07/15] vdpa/mlx5: optimize datapath-control synchronization Li Zhang
2022-06-20  9:25     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 08/15] vdpa/mlx5: add multi-thread management for configuration Li Zhang
2022-06-20 10:57     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 09/15] vdpa/mlx5: add task ring for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-20 15:05     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 10/15] vdpa/mlx5: add MT task for VM memory registration Li Zhang
2022-06-20 15:12     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 11/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq creation task for MT management Li Zhang
2022-06-20 15:19     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 12/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq LM log task Li Zhang
2022-06-20 15:42     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 13/15] vdpa/mlx5: add device close task Li Zhang
2022-06-20 15:54     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 14/15] vdpa/mlx5: add virtq sub-resources creation Li Zhang
2022-06-20 16:01     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-18  9:02   ` [PATCH v4 15/15] vdpa/mlx5: prepare virtqueue resource creation Li Zhang
2022-06-20 16:30     ` Maxime Coquelin
2022-06-21  9:29   ` [PATCH v4 00/15] mlx5/vdpa: optimize live migration time Maxime Coquelin

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20220606114650.209612-3-lizh@nvidia.com \
    --to=lizh@nvidia.com \
    --cc=bruce.richardson@intel.com \
    --cc=dev@dpdk.org \
    --cc=dmitry.kozliuk@gmail.com \
    --cc=dmitrym@microsoft.com \
    --cc=matan@nvidia.com \
    --cc=navasile@linux.microsoft.com \
    --cc=orika@nvidia.com \
    --cc=pallavi.kadam@intel.com \
    --cc=rasland@nvidia.com \
    --cc=roniba@nvidia.com \
    --cc=shahafs@nvidia.com \
    --cc=stable@dpdk.org \
    --cc=thomas@monjalon.net \
    --cc=viacheslavo@nvidia.com \
    --cc=yajunw@nvidia.com \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).